How Can the Police Prove That a Phone Belongs to Me?
How do the police prove that the phone belongs to me?
Almost all people own a mobile phone in this day and age, they have replaced the traditional home phone land line, and make communication much easier and quicker. A mobile phone also provides us with various ways of communicating such as via text message, what’s app, Facebook Messenger, Snapchat to name a few and allow for multiple participants to be involved in a conversation.
Mobile phones also allow pictures and videos to be exchanged via messaging services, most people now exchange picture messages or upload pictures via their mobile device.
The increasing use of mobile phones over recent decades has allowed for them to become a device used to plan and/or carry out criminal offences, leading to the data stored within them becoming a crucial line of enquiry within a police investigation, particularly for sexual offences.
The police will seize mobile phones
where they believe that information on them could provide helpful evidence during an investigation, but the first task for the police is attributing that phone to their suspect. The following may assist in them doing this:
- Text messages between the accused and the complainant
Texts messages can be very helpful in supporting an account or undermining one. Text messages can be particularly helpful in cases which concern allegations of rape, sexual assault, sexual communication with a child
and coercive and controlling behaviour.
We often use text message logs in the defence of a case, to show that the account given by a complainant is not supported by her behaviour and attitude at the time towards the accused.
- Text messages between the accused and other persons
The accused may have an alibi. Text messages with that alibi may be in existence which proves the alleged offence was not committed. There may also be text messages with others, discussing the situation which the accused has found themselves in, adding credibility to any account they give to the police.
- Phone call logs
Phone call logs can assist in establishing what a person was doing at a certain time; they can also lead the defence and the police to potential witnesses.
- Email accounts
Email accounts can assist the police in establishing who the phone belongs to, if there are email accounts registered to the accused logged in on the phone this could go towards proving their ownership and control over that device.
- Social media accounts
Social media accounts can be very helpful, most people have at least one account which they are active on. These accounts can also help to establish who has ownership and control of the specific device. They can also provide a persons whereabouts at a particular time, their interactions with others and their interests.
- Internet searches made by the accused
Internet searches can be particularly helpful in indecent image offence
cases. The police will always look to see whether the accused has made searches for material which shows a sexual interest in children who are under age. This in turn will assist in proving an interest, and also that the accused is more likely than not had knowledge of the images found on the device. However, this must be approached with caution as the owner of the phone may not be the person responsible for these searches.
I often also find the accused will Google the offence for which they are under investigation for, or the offence which they believe they are going to be accused of. For example, I have experienced clients who have been threated by ex-partners that they will be reported for a rape offence, they then naturally go on to the internet to find out what the consequences are likely to be. Although this is not necessarily the incorrect thing to do, it is something the police are likely to pick up on during an examination.
- Cell site data to locate the phone at the time of the alleged offence
Police may use cell site data to show that the accused was in a particular place at a particular time. This information may also be used by the defence if we want to show that our client was no where near the scene of the alleged incident.
- Photos and videos stored on the accused gallery/files
Photos can be helpful in establishing location and what a person was doing on a particular date at a particular time, this can be helpful in cases of sexual assault allegations, or allegations of a domestic nature.
Files on the phone can be explored by police to establish a person’s interests, it can be common for people to store images and videos in separate galleries for various reasons.
What happens when the phone is seized?
When a mobile phone is seized it will be prevented from receiving or sending out any communications and will be held in a secure unit ready for examination. It may undergo an initial triage prior to being send for a full forensic examination, this triage will give the police an idea as to whether the exhibit holds any potential evidence. Just because the phone is triaged it does not mean that the full forensic download will provide evidence or any result.
When examined the police will have an idea as to what they may be looking for and where to find it. In some cases, we will also be involved in this process, and can suggest lines of enquiry to be made at this stage which benefit the accused. However, before any information is retrieved from the phone that may assist the police, they must attribute the phone to the accused, and prove that they have access and control of the information on it.
The police will establish the user of the device by the material on it, the contacts, message exchanges, email accounts, social media accounts and file content etc. They must also establish whether there is evidence of any other persons having access to the device, and this is always a likely question during the police interview, prior to forensics taking place.
Once the examination is complete a report will be prepared for the officer in charge of the case to review. This may lead to further questions for the police and therefore further lines of enquiry. This could mean that the police may want to interview
the suspect to put questions to them relating to the content found on the mobile device.
How we can help
Having your mobile phone seized can have devastating consequences it can impact your work, social arrangements, family life and in general is just an inconvenience. Usually when devices are seized, they remain in police custody until the conclusion of the case, and forensic examinations themselves can take a considerable amount of time to complete. But this period of time can be used to benefit the accused and should be.
Forensic examinations
of a mobile phone can be hugely beneficial for the accused, and therefore, it is crucial to seek legal advice prior to the examination being undertaken in the event we want the police to look and find something to help you.
It is important to remember, that the police are not in the first instance looking for evidence to prove that you have not committed the offence, they want to find evidence that you have. Therefore, taking the approach that the police will find what you want them to find so all will be ok is not the correct approach to take.
Our lawyers will work with you to carefully examine the allegations made, our experiences enable us to identify lines of enquiry that you or the police may not initially think relevant. When we establish lines that may assist our client, we write to the police to raise them, request for them to be followed and remind the police of their obligation to remain impartial investigators.
If it is the case that the information held on the mobile phone is not helpful to our client, this does not take away our ability to dispute forensic evidence. We must examine the evidence retrieved from the device, raise issues with it at the earliest opportunity and ensure the correct processes and procedures have been followed.
Where necessary we will instruct our own forensic expert to provide their opinion on the evidence presented. We have built strong relationships with some of the country’s leading experts, and we can work together with them at any stage of a case to assist in the defence of our client, this includes assistance in disassociating our client with the device where possible.
If you would like a free confidential discussion about your case speak to one of our lawyers today. We will assess your case and propose an action plan to defend your case, protect your legal interests and examine any forensic evidence.
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Understanding the difference between “consent” and “reasonable belief” can be key if you are being investigated or prosecuted for a sexual offence, where these two issues can arise. These are not just technical legal terms; they are real-world concepts that can affect the outcome of serious sexual abuse cases. At Eventum Legal, our aim is to help people grasp these important ideas so that they know where they stand, whether they’re seeking justice, facing an accusation, or just wanting to be informed. Consent and the Law: What Does It Mean? When it comes to sexual activity, the law makes it very clear that “consent” isn’t just about saying yes or no. Consent means agreeing by choice, having the freedom and capacity to make that choice, and being able to change your mind at any time, even if the sexual activity has begun. The Sexual Offences Act 2003 states that a person consents if they agree by choice and have the freedom and capacity to do so. In practical terms, this means no one should be pressured, forced, or tricked into sex. If someone is too drunk, too scared, or otherwise unable to decide, they cannot legally give consent. This applies also to issues with mental capacity where someone may not have the understanding or ability to give informed consent. When establishing whether consent or reasonable belief applies, the courts examine everything that happened, how the people involved acted, what was said, their relationship, and whether any threats were made. It’s not about just hearing a yes or no, but about whether the agreement was truly given, freely and knowingly, at the time. Reasonable Belief: The Other Side of the Coin While “consent” focuses on the person on the receiving end of sexual activity, “reasonable belief” is about the perspective of the person accused of the crime. UK law says it’s not enough for someone to claim they thought the other person was consenting. The belief that consent existed must be reasonable; it must meet the standard of what a reasonable person would think in those circumstances. This comes down to two questions: did the accused genuinely believe the other person was consenting, and would a reasonable person, knowing what the accused knew and considering everything that happened, have reached the same conclusion? It’s not a defence to say, “I just thought it was okay,” if evidence, actions, or common sense didn’t back that belief up. Courts look at whether the accused checked for consent, paid attention to what was happening, and took steps to make sure everything was agreed upon. How the Law Applies These Concepts The distinction between consent and reasonable belief matters because everyone is responsible for ensuring that consent is present, not just assuming or hoping it is. The prosecution in a sexual offence case has to prove that there was no consent or that the accused did not have a reasonable belief that consent existed. To judge this, courts examine the context: Were both people sober and able to make decisions? Was there clear, positive agreement? Did one person ignore signs of hesitation or discomfort? In cases where someone is very intoxicated or unable to communicate, the law presumes that there is no consent, and it is challenging for anyone to claim a reasonable belief otherwise. However, where alcohol is in question the issue can become complex as we all have difference alcohol tolerances, what may be too drunk to one person, could be different to the other. Therefore, working to establish the intoxication and affect is crucial for lawyers in some cases. In cases where it can be proven that that someone was too drunk to speak or move, and the accused says they thought there was consent just because the person didn’t say “no,” the court is unlikely to accept that as reasonable. The law expects people to check in with their partner, look for positive signs, and stop if there’s any doubt. Clearing Up Common Myths Many misunderstandings exist about how consent and reasonable belief work in real life. One myth is that if someone doesn’t say “no,” they must have agreed. The absence of a “no” is not the same as a “yes.” Another myth is that if two people are in a relationship or have had sex before, consent is always assumed. Every sexual act requires consent, every time. Some people also believe that as long as they honestly thought there was consent, that’s enough. But the law sets a higher bar: the belief has to be reasonable, meaning it must be backed up by what happened and what a reasonable person would think. In our digital age, misunderstandings can easily happen through text or online communication. Courts are aware of this and look at all available evidence, including messages and social media, to determine what happened. Other avenues of evidence exploration can include CCTV footage and witnesses. Why These Legal Standards Matter The way UK law approaches consent and reasonable belief has changed over time. In the past, people could argue they had an “honest” belief in consent, even if it wasn’t reasonable. That changed with the Sexual Offences Act 2003, which now requires honesty and reasonableness. This protects people from harm and ensures that the law takes the experiences and choices of everyone involved seriously. These rules are designed to keep people safe and ensure everyone’s rights are respected. The law encourages open communication, respect, and responsibility. It expects everyone to look for clear signs of agreement and to stop if there is any doubt or hesitation. What To Do If You’re Involved In A Sexual Offence Case Suppose you’re facing a situation involving consent or reasonable belief and you as the accused want to prove that either of these legal requirements existed, then you must seek legal advice and engage with specialist lawyers who can navigate the complexities of the key legal issues in sexual offence cases. These cases can be stressful and complex, and every detail matters: what was said, what was done, and what steps were taken to ensure everyone agreed. At Eventum Legal, we specialise in helping people understand their rights and responsibilities. We listen, explain your options in straightforward language, and support you throughout the process, always with respect and confidentiality. Whether you’re seeking justice, defending your reputation, or simply want to know your rights, we’re here to help. Frequently Asked Questions What is the difference between consent and reasonable belief? Consent is when a person freely agrees to a sexual act. Reasonable belief is whether the accused genuinely and reasonably believed that consent was given, based on all the facts. Can someone be convicted if they misunderstood consent? Yes, if their belief in consent wasn’t reasonable. The court looks at the whole situation, not just what the accused thought. How can I protect myself or prove consent? Open communication and ensuring everyone is comfortable and willing are the safest approaches. If you’re worried about misunderstandings, keep records of conversations. Where can I get help or advice? Contact Eventum Legal for confidential, expert support tailored to your needs.
Have you been accused of breaching your SHPO, maybe by accident or knowingly? Speak to our specialist team.
